Part 1: doubling

from: Christian Liebe-Harkort

Let's take position 574 as an example. We will assume you play $10 a point and the rake is 5%, with the winner paying 10% (also paying the 5% for the loser), a very common setting in today's backgammon online industry. The following calculations are based on the assumption, that you have at least $80 at the table, the maximum amount you could win or loose, when you decide to double.

From the equities shown we see, that we should redouble for money. Let's quickly verify that and calculate the equities.

Position 574, Category Bear Off

Roll or Double?

Black vs White

Moneygame: Jacoby and Beaver

added at 3/7/2010 9:34 AM, from admin

Pipcount: 7(+1) - 6(-1)

Comment:
This surprised me, I thought with an effective redouble after you misses, you should keep the cube. But doubling slightly raises your equity.

Evaluation Level: 7 ply

Winning Chances:

Player: 66.17%66.17%0.00%0.00%
Opponent: 33.83%33.83%0.00%0.00%

Cubeful Equities:

No Double:+0.326-0.032
Double / Take:+0.358best
Double / Drop:+1.000+0.642

Best Cube Action: Double / Take

Cubeless Equities:

No Double:+0.323
Double:+0.647

Software: eXtreme Gammon Version: 1.12

From the equities shown we see, that we should redouble for money. Let's quickly verify that and calculate the equities.

Calculations without rake

Let's assume you play live and there is no rake.

To calculate your equity, you have to look at the next 2 shakes, 36 x 36 = 1296 games. You have 17 direct wins (66,65,64,63,55,54,53,44,43,33,22), after your 19 misses, white has 23 winners and 13 losers (43,42,41,32,31,21,11)

(Note after the sequence 2-1 followed by a miss from white, you always redouble and cash the game)

Your equity when you don't double:

cube

1st roll

2nd roll

payout

$/point

total

2

17

36

100%

$10

$12.240.00

2

19

13

100%

$10

$4.940.00

2

19

23

-100%

$10

-$8.740.00

sum

$8.440.00

equity

$6.51

Your equity is $6.51, exactly the value, the software displays (+0.326 x 2 x $10)

Now let's calculate your equity, when you double:

cube

1st roll

2nd roll

payout

$/point

total

4

17

36

100%

$10

$24.480.00

8

19

13

100%

$10

$19.760.00

8

19

23

-100%

$10

-$34.960.00

sum

$9.280.00

equity

$7.16

Here your equity is $7.16, exactly the value, the software displays (+0.358 x 2 x $10)

If you compare these two actions, you see that doubling wins on average $0.65 (=$7.16-$6.51) more, therefore you should absolutely double.

Calculations with rake

Now we do the same calculations with the assumption of 5% rake. Please note that the winner has to pay the rake for both players (10% total), as the loser pays no rake.

Your equity when you don't double, with rake:

cube

1st roll

2nd roll

payout

$/point

total

2

17

36

90%

$10

$11.016.00

2

19

13

90%

$10

$4.446.00

2

19

23

-100%

$10

-$8.740.00

sum

$6.722.00

equity

$5.19

With the rake your equity drops from $6.51 to $5.19.

Now the calculations when you do double, with rake:

cube

1st roll

2nd roll

payout

$/point

total

4

17

36

90%

$10

$22.032.00

8

19

13

90%

$10

$17.784.00

8

19

23

-100%

$10

-$34.960.00

sum

$4.856.00

equity

$3.75

As you can see, your rake adjusted equity is only $3.75.

Redoubling this position actually costs you $1.44 on average, therefore redoubling is a big mistake (eq.: -0.072).

What is the reason for this?

If you miss, your opponent has a very effective redouble that you must take. When you get lucky and win these games you pay much more rake.

When paying rake, your cube handling should be somewhat more conservative, especially when your opponent, will have effective redoubles. The higher the rake, the more conservative you should double. As a general guideline: In close decisions between (re-)doubling or not, you should tend towards not doubling.

updated: Friday, April 23, 2010